Abstract: The question, "How to build a secure system" astonished all who are currently enjoying the services offered by the latest trends and advances in computer technology, especially the "Internet". Without doubt, to access the Internet and its services is greatly simplified by using only gateways, remote connections and ISP. But beneath this, problems can certainly come as the information lost, stolen or damaged. So if the question "Why should we hack my PC? Is that still support for your mind, then there is a clear opportunity to challenge the" bad guys "who want to break the layers of defense security. But it does there is no single foolproof solution to build such a system safely. Our security must be a layered structure and having to start the process of selecting the operating system itself. This paper mainly focuses on science of cryptography. We briefly discussed the various systems namely, cryptography, symmetric key cryptography and asymmetric and its limitations. Due to the disadvantages of the basic systems of cryptography, our attention turned to quantum cryptography, whose strength, secrecy and confidentiality in the physical laws of the state of unproven mathematical assumptions in classical cryptography. The heart of the document contains the detailed description of the foundations of quantum cryptography and how this concept overcomes the shortcomings of conventional encryption system, notably "The problem of key distribution. Finally we went to commercial implementations of quantum cryptography opens possibilities for research in this area.
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